公平原則-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

發(fā)布時間:2017-08-10 19:48:40*三、公平原則*(一)概念:民事主體應依據(jù)社會公認的公平觀念從事活動,以維持當事人之間的利益均衡。*(二)含義*1、民法在規(guī)范民事主體的權(quán)利、義務(wù)與責任的承擔上,體現(xiàn)公平原則,兼顧各方當事人的利益。*2、民事活動中,依公平原則確定各方具體的權(quán)利義務(wù)。*(三)立法體現(xiàn)*民法通則第4條,其中的等價有償也是公平原則的一個體現(xiàn)。*顯失公平制度*四、誠實信用原則*(一)概念:指民事主體進行民事活動時必須誠實、善意,信守承諾。*(二)地位:*1、誠信原則常被奉為民法中的 帝王條款 ,有君臨民法全域的效力。*2、另一方面,該原則具有填補法律漏洞的功能。*3、近代以來,從此原則又衍生出一個新的原則即:權(quán)利不得濫用原則。*(三)立法體現(xiàn)*民法通則第4條*五、合法權(quán)益受法律保護原則*民法通則第5條規(guī)定: 公民、法人的合法的民事權(quán)益受法律保護,任何組織和個人不得侵犯。*此處之權(quán)益包括兩部分: 權(quán) 、 益 。*權(quán)利:在利益之上設(shè)定了當事人得自己實現(xiàn)其利益內(nèi)容的手段。*法益:雖未在其上賦予法律上的實現(xiàn)手段,但法律應予以保護的那些利益。*六、守法原則*(一)基本理解:守法原則的核心是:民事主體的民事活動應當遵守法律和行政法規(guī)。*須注意的是,這里所指的守法對象并非指民法中的任意性規(guī)范和倡導性規(guī)范,而是指遵守法律行政法規(guī)中的強行性規(guī)范。*(二)立法體現(xiàn)*民法通則第6條。* 民事活動必須遵守法律,法律沒有規(guī)定的,應當遵守國家政策。*七、公序良俗原則*民事活動應當尊重社會公德,不得損害社會公共利益,[破壞國家經(jīng)濟計劃](已據(jù)2009.8.27全國人大常委會10次會議決定刪除),擾亂社會經(jīng)濟秩序。*公序:指國家社會的存在及其發(fā)展所必需的一般秩序。公序更多的是從客觀角度而言,是指由眾多的客觀存在的有形的具體制度構(gòu)建起來的秩序。*良俗:一般認為系指為社會、國家的存在和發(fā)展所必要的一般道德,是特定社會所尊重的最起碼的倫理要求。良俗更多的是從主觀角度上而言,是指一社會存在的善良風俗。*應指出,因各國民事立法指導思想不同,國情不同,社會觀念的差別,公序良俗的內(nèi)容也有所不同。

解放軍文職招聘考試公平的分配-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

發(fā)布時間:2017-06-28 16:13:23一個炎熱的下午,兩個農(nóng)民在一棵大樹下乘涼。其中一個叫拉姆,另一個叫希亞。兩個人都帶著美味的面包充當午飯。拉姆帶了3個面包,希亞帶了5個。正當他們準備吃午飯的時候,一個商人路過此地。下午好,兩位先生。 商人向拉姆和希亞問候道。商人看起來又累又餓,所以拉姆和希亞邀請他和他們一起吃午飯。但是我們有三個人怎么分這三個面包呢? 拉姆為難了。我們把面包放在一起,再把每個面包切成均等的三塊。 希亞建議道。把面包切開后,他們把面包平均分成三份,每個人都不多也不少。吃完面包后,商人堅持要給他們錢。拉姆和希亞推辭不掉,只好收下。待商人離開后,兩人一數(shù)金幣的數(shù)量 8個。8個金幣,兩個人。我們就每人4個金幣。 拉姆說道。這不公平。 西亞大聲反對, 我有5個面包,你只有3個。所以我應該拿5個金幣,你只能拿3個。拉姆不想爭吵,但他也不想給希亞5個金幣。我們?nèi)フ掖彘L做裁決。他是個公正的人。 拉姆說道。他們來到村長毛爾維的家,把整個事情的經(jīng)過告訴了他。毛爾維想了很久,最后說: 分配這筆錢的公平辦法就是希亞拿7個金幣,拉姆拿1個。什么? 拉姆驚叫道。我為什么該得7個? 希亞也覺得很奇怪。當毛爾維把他的分配理由解釋清楚后,拉姆和希亞打偶沒有對這個分配再提出異議。這真的是一個公平的裁決嗎?要知道毛爾維的裁決是否公平,就要先回答這些問題:1、8個面包被切成了多少塊?2、每個人吃了多少塊面包?3、拉姆的面包被分成了多少塊?4、拉姆吃了8塊面包,還剩幾塊留給商人?5、希亞的面包被分成了多上塊?6、希亞吃了8塊面包,還剩幾塊留給商人?毛爾維決定只給拉姆一個硬幣,而給希亞7個,是因為商人吃了8塊面包,只有一塊是從拉姆的面包中來的,而其余7塊都是希亞的。點示:我們憤憤不平,太多是因為我們只會算計,不會計算。Just AllocationIn a hot afternoon, two farmers were enjoying the cool under the tree. One farmer called L and the other called X. both carried tasty bread as their lunch. Ltook three bread and X five. A businessman passed by when they were ready to have lunch.good afternoon, gentlemen. The businessman greeted L and X. the businessman was tires and hungry. L and X invited him to have dinner together.But we three men how to separate three breads? L confused.Let s put the breads together, then divide every one into three equal parts. X suggested.Cutting and dividing the breads, they all got the exact one.Eating up the breads, the businessman insisted to pay and L and X have no idea but to get it.When the businessman went away, L and X counted the number of golden bills----eight.Eight bills, two person. Four bills every one. L said.It s unjust, X opposed loudly, I had five breads and you just three, so I should get five bills and you three.L reluctant to argue, neither would he gave X five bills.Let s invite our village manager Morwey s house and tell all to him. Thinking for a while, Morwey replied: The just way to distribute these bill is X take seven bills and L one.Pardon? L screamed.Why should I posses seven? Xalso felt strange.After Morwey explained his reason clearly, both Land X had no dispute on this allocation.Was this really a just rule?Answer these questions before you decide whether it was just or not:1.How many small pieces the eight breads were divided into?2.How many pieces every one ate?3.How many small pieces did L s breads?4.How many pieces L left for the businessman after he ate eight?5.How many small pieces did X s breads were divided into?6.How many pieces X left for the businessman after he ate eight?The reason that Morwey only gave L one bill and X seven because the businessman ate eight pieces and only one was left from L s while other seven pieces from X.Tips: we always indignant mostly because we are used to scheming, but not counting.